Prep the Pan & Oven
Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). Line a 9x9-inch baking pan with parchment paper, leaving a little overhang for easy lifting later.
Make the Crust & Topping
In a large bowl, combine the flour, oats, sugar, baking powder, and salt. Pour in the melted butter and mix with a fork until the mixture becomes crumbly. Don’t overmix — you want a nice crumb texture. Set aside about 1 cup of the mixture for the topping.
Pre-Bake the Crust
Press the remaining mixture firmly into the bottom of the prepared pan. Bake for 12–15 minutes, or until lightly golden.
Make the Lemon Filling
In a bowl, whisk together the egg yolks, sweetened condensed milk, fresh lemon juice, and lemon zest until smooth and creamy.
Assemble
Pour the lemon filling over the warm crust. Sprinkle the reserved crumb mixture evenly over the top.
Bake Again
Bake for 22–25 minutes, or until the edges are set. The center should still be slightly soft — it will firm up as it cools.
Chill & Slice
Let the bars cool completely, then refrigerate for at least 3 hours (or longer). Lift them out using the parchment paper, slice into squares, and dust with powdered sugar if desired.